Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Congenital portosystemic shunts in foals are rare and only a small number of cases have been described. Detailed\ndescription of the course of the shunt is lacking in earlier reports. This is the first detailed description of a computed\ntomography angiography (CTA) displaying an extra-hepatic splenocaval shunt. A 1-month old colt showing increasing\nsigns of dullness, ataxia, circling, lip-smacking and coordination problems was presented. Hyperammonemia was\ndetected and abdominal CTA revealed an extra-hepatic portocaval shunt. During surgery, ligation of the abnormal\nvessel could not be achieved, and the foal was euthanized because of complications during surgery. CTA provided a\ndetailed overview of portal vasculature. If a portosystemic shunt is suspected in a foal, CTA can be used to confirm the\ndiagnosis and for surgical planning....
The viral expression in vivo, in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cattle, is considered\nto be restricted to extremely low levels, and the mitosis of infected B lymphocytes is regarded as\nthe main mode of virus persistence within the infected host. In this study, the presence of BLV\nRNA in whole blood from seven asymptomatic cows naturally infected with BLV during one year,\nincluding a complete milking cycle and two delivery time points, was investigated by nested-PCR\nusing the oligonucleotides complementary to the tax and pol gene. BLV RNA was detected in four\ncows at different time points, especially in high blood proviral load cows and around delivery time.\nThis study describes for the first time the detection of free BLV RNA in blood from BLV-infected\nasymptomatic cows. The results obtained suggest the occurrence of persistent low-level expression of\nthe tax and pol genes that could be a result of viral reactivation, within the asymptomatic period. This\nfinding may be important in the pathogenesis of BLV infection, associated with the delivery period....
Background: Technical failures and incorrect usage of digital X-ray systems may lead to a decreasing image quality,\nartefacts and a higher dose exposure of staff and patients. Although there are no regulations regarding constancy\ntesting in veterinary radiology all operators are required to avoid unnecessary exposure. The aim of this study was to\ndevelop a reasonably inexpensive zoomorphic 3D-printed test specimen for constancy testing that allows the detection\nof changing image quality by visual analysis.\nPrimarily, a calibration curve of the attenuation factor of the 3D-printing material (ZP150) was determined. MATLAB\nconverted every pixel value of a thorax X-ray image of a Beagle dog into an equivalent thickness of printing material.\nThe thickness distribution was printed using a 3D-printer. This printed test specimen was additionally provided with\nfive thin aluminium discs to simulate lung nodules.\nTo evaluate the usability for constancy testing 12 X-ray images of the test specimen were made. Two images (reference\nand control) were taken with the minimum dose in order to obtain images suitable for diagnosis purposes. Eight\nimages were taken with a dose differing 30-140% from the reference dose by varying current-time product (mAs) or\ntube voltage (kVp). Two images were taken with the same parameters as the reference image but edited with different\nimage processing. Six veterinarians (general practitioners) evaluated ten chosen structures in the X-ray images in\na Visual Grading Analysis and scored the image quality of these structures for every image in comparison to the reference\nimage. A Visual Grading Analysis Score was calculated and statistically analysed.\nResults: A higher current-time product led to a negligibly better evaluation of the X-ray image. The lower the current-\ntime product the worse the X-ray images were scored. Likewise, both increasing and decreasing of the tube\nvoltage led to lower scores.\nConclusions: A zoomorphic test specimen can be used for constancy testing of digital X-ray systems in veterinary\nmedicine. Especially a lower dose can be recognised due to deviation in the image quality when compared to the\nreference image. The 3D-printed test specimen is less expensive than test equipment used in human medicine....
Background: This study evaluated the antibacterial efficiency and ability of propolis to promote regeneration of\nimmature permanent non-vital dogsâ?? teeth.\nMethods: Ninety six immature permanent premolars teeth in 6 mongrel dogs were divided randomly into:\nexperimental teeth (N = 72) and control teeth (N = 24). Periapical pathosis was induced in all experimental and\npositive control teeth. Experimental teeth were classified according to the used intra-canal medication into: group I\n(N = 36), propolis paste was used and group II (N = 36), triple antibiotic paste (TAP) was used. Bacteriologic\nsamplings were collected before and after exposure to intra-canal medicaments. After the disinfection period (3\nweeks), revascularization was induced in all experimental teeth. Each group was subdivided according to the root\ncanal orifice plug into: subgroup A (N = 18), propolis paste was used and subgroup B (N = 18), mineral trioxide\naggregates (MTA) was used. Each subgroup was further subdivided according to the evaluation period into 3\nsubdivisions (6 teeth each): subdivision 1; after 2 weeks, subdivision 2; after one month and subdivision 3; after 2\nmonths. Positive control group had 12 teeth with induced untreated periapical pathosis. Negative control group\nhad 12 untouched sound teeth. All teeth were evaluated with radiography and histology. The bacteriologic and\nradiographic data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The histologic data\nwere analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroniâ??s adjustment and Chi-square test. The\nsignificance level was set at P less than equal to .05.\nResults: There was no significant difference in the antibacterial effectiveness between TAP and propolis groups\n(P > .05). In all subdivisions, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups in terms of\nincrease in root length and dentin thickness, decrease in apical closure, new hard tissue formation, vital tissue\nformation inside the pulp canal and apical closure scores (P > .05).\nConclusion: Propolis can be comparable with TAP as a disinfection treatment option in regenerative endodontic.\nAs a root canal orifice plug after revascularization of necrotic immature permanent teeth in dogs, propolis induces a\nprogressive increase in root length and dentin thickness and a decrease in apical diameter similar to those of MTA....
Background: Exploring the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the lateral geniculate body (LGBd) in visual\ndevelopment and studying the therapeutic effect of VIP on amblyopic kittens.\nMethods: Three-week-old domestic cats were divided into a control group (n = 10) and a monocular deprivation\ngroup (n = 20), with an eye mask covering the right eye of those in the deprived group. After pattern visual evoked\npotential (PVEP) recording confirmed the formation of monocular amblyopia, the left LGBd was isolated from 5\nkittens in each group. The remaining control kittens continued to be raised, and the remaining deprivation group\nwas divided into a VIP intervention group (n = 5), Sefsol (caprylic acid monoglyceride, VIP solution) intervention\ngroup (n = 5) and amblyopia non-intervention group (n = 5) after removal of the eye mask. Three weeks later,\nPVEPs, VIP immunohistochemistry and VIP mRNA expression in the left LGBd were compared across groups.\nResults: At 6 weeks of age, there were significant differences in P100 wave latency and amplitude and VIP\nimmunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization between the control group and the deprivation group (P < 0.05).\nAfter 3 weeks of the corresponding interventions, the latency and amplitude in the VIP intervention group were\nbetter than that in the Sefsol intervention group and amblyopia non-intervention group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, VIP\ntreatment increased the number of immunohistochemical VIP-positive cells (P < 0.05) and the average optical\ndensity of positive cells (P > 0.05), as well as the number (P < 0.05) and average optical density of VIP mRNApositive\ncells (P < 0.05).\nConclusions: VIP plays an important role in visual development. Nasal administration of VIP can improve the function\nof neurons in the LGBd of kittens and has a certain therapeutic effect on amblyopia....
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